Poland’s far-right street movements and football-ultra milieus should not be understood only through the language of domestic extremism. Nor should they be simplistically described as direct instruments of Moscow. The more serious analytical problem is subtler: in the...
Russia’s information warfare has never been improvised. It has always rested on a disciplined political logic: define Russia as the permanent victim, present the West as an existential threat, accuse opponents of the crimes Moscow is committing or preparing to commit,...
In hybrid war, the battle is rarely fought only over territory, institutions or military advantage. It is also fought over meaning: who defines threat, who speaks for the nation, who represents morality, and who is allowed to be seen as legitimate. This is why...
Russia’s shadow war against Europe is not a collection of isolated provocations. It is a sustained campaign designed to test thresholds, exhaust institutions, blur attribution and weaken Europe’s ability to support Ukraine and defend itself. The danger lies not only...
Analysts suggest that the current situation in the Strait of Hormuz, together with the further unfolding of military developments in the Middle East, may lead to a recession in the European economy. In particular, according to S&P Global, business activity across...
