The Next Generation of Hybrid Warfare? Russia, China and the Prospect of a Federated FIMI Ecosystem

For much of the past decade, Russian and Chinese influence operations have been treated as two different security problems. Russia became associated with disruption: hacked material, proxy outlets, fabricated personas and campaigns designed to deepen political...

When “Patriotism” Becomes an Influence Vector: Polish Far-Right Ultras, Anti-Ukrainian Sentiment and Russia’s FIMI Playbook

Poland’s far-right street movements and football-ultra milieus should not be understood only through the language of domestic extremism. Nor should they be simplistically described as direct instruments of Moscow. The more serious analytical problem is subtler: in the...

The German Conversion Gap: How Hybrid Actors Exploit the Time Between Capacity and Action

Germany’s main vulnerability to hybrid threats is not weakness. It is conversion. The country has resources, institutions, allies, legal safeguards, intelligence capabilities and industrial depth. Yet hybrid actors target the interval between those assets and their...

Russia’s Propaganda System and Europe’s Information Battlefield

Russia’s information warfare has never been improvised. It has always rested on a disciplined political logic: define Russia as the permanent victim, present the West as an existential threat, accuse opponents of the crimes Moscow is committing or preparing to commit,...

The Capture of Tradition: How Traditional Values Are Turned into Instruments of Hybrid War

In hybrid war, the battle is rarely fought only over territory, institutions or military advantage. It is also fought over meaning: who defines threat, who speaks for the nation, who represents morality, and who is allowed to be seen as legitimate. This is why...

Shadow War: The Threats Europe Underestimates

Russia’s shadow war against Europe is not a collection of isolated provocations. It is a sustained campaign designed to test thresholds, exhaust institutions, blur attribution and weaken Europe’s ability to support Ukraine and defend itself. The danger lies not only...

The New Synthetic Campaign: How AI Is Changing Political Communication

Artificial intelligence is not only producing fake videos. It is producing synthetic political presence: voices, images, avatars and emotional scenes that help campaigns shape what voters feel before they decide what they think. From France to India, the new risk is...

Privacy-Enhancing Technologies in the Crypto Industry: Between Financial Confidentiality, Compliance, and Abuse Risks

For much of the public, crypto still carries the aura of anonymity. This is misleading. Most major blockchains are not anonymous but radically transparent: transactions are publicly visible, addresses are traceable, and once an address is linked to a person, exchange...

Stray Drones, Hard Choices: NATO’s Baltic Airspace Problem

The drone incidents around the Baltic region in May 2026 point to a problem that is narrower than “Europe is under drone attack” but more serious than a series of technical mishaps. NATO’s eastern flank is now facing incidents in which drones may be Russian,...

Unseen, Unattributed, Unstoppable? Drones in the Logic of Hybrid Warfare

In today’s hybrid wars, Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) have moved from niche technology to one of the most disruptive tools on the battlefield. Cheap, widely available, and easy to adapt, they enable both states and loosely organised groups to strike, observe, and...

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