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The Next Generation of Hybrid Warfare? Russia, China and the Prospect of a Federated FIMI Ecosystem
For much of the past decade, Russian and Chinese influence operations have been treated as two different security problems. Russia became associated with disruption: hacked...
When “Patriotism” Becomes an Influence Vector: Polish Far-Right Ultras, Anti-Ukrainian Sentiment and Russia’s FIMI Playbook
Poland’s far-right street movements and football-ultra milieus should not be understood only through the language of domestic extremism. Nor should they be simplistically...
The German Conversion Gap: How Hybrid Actors Exploit the Time Between Capacity and Action
Germany’s main vulnerability to hybrid threats is not weakness. It is conversion. The country has resources, institutions, allies, legal safeguards, intelligence capabilities and...
Russia’s Propaganda System and Europe’s Information Battlefield
Russia’s information warfare has never been improvised. It has always rested on a disciplined political logic: define Russia as the permanent victim, present the West as an...
Russia’s Disinformation Network in Europe: FIMI, AI Operations and the New Hybrid Threat Landscape
This ECST Analytical Brief maps Russia’s information and disinformation network in Europe as a mature component of Moscow’s hybrid pressure against the EU and NATO. Focusing on...
The Capture of Tradition: How Traditional Values Are Turned into Instruments of Hybrid War
In hybrid war, the battle is rarely fought only over territory, institutions or military advantage. It is also fought over meaning: who defines threat, who speaks for the nation,...
Shadow War: The Threats Europe Underestimates
Russia’s shadow war against Europe is not a collection of isolated provocations. It is a sustained campaign designed to test thresholds, exhaust institutions, blur attribution...
The New Synthetic Campaign: How AI Is Changing Political Communication
Artificial intelligence is not only producing fake videos. It is producing synthetic political presence: voices, images, avatars and emotional scenes that help campaigns shape...
Privacy-Enhancing Technologies in the Crypto Industry: Between Financial Confidentiality, Compliance, and Abuse Risks
For much of the public, crypto still carries the aura of anonymity. This is misleading. Most major blockchains are not anonymous but radically transparent: transactions are...












